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ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื’ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ- ืžื–ื’ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข



ืžื–ื’ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข


ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”. ืื›ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื“ืœ, ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืงืจื™ื ืช ืฉืžืฉ ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ื— ื‘ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื” ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ืžื–ื™ืขื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื.

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื›ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืืงืœื™ื ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ, ืœืืงืœื™ื ื—ื ืžืื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื—ื•ื, ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœโ€™ืฉื•ืงโ€™ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืืงืœื™ื ื—ื.


ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื ื—ืœื™ ื–ื™ืขื”, ืคื ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ืชืžื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ, ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืงืฉื”.

ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื, ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ "ื—ื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™". ื–ื”ื• ืืงืœื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื, ืฉืžื•ื—ืžืจ ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ื—ื. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœ"ื—ื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™" ื”ื™ื ื: ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ ืœืฉืชื™ื” ืงืจื”, ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื’ืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ืžื”, ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช, ืจืขื‘ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ.

ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื’ื ืžืกืคืงืช ืžืคืชื— ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœ ืž"ื—ื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™", ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืขื ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ืœืืœื” ืฉืกืชื ื—ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ- ื™ื”ื•ื• ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื˜ื™ืค ืœื”ืฉื’ืช โ€˜ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™โ€™ ืžืฉื•ืคืจ.

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื—ืœืงืŸ ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื. ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืื•ืชื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™. (ืจืื• ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืืชืจ- โ€˜ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœืšโ€™.


  1. ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื”. ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ืžื™ื, ื—ืœื™ื˜ืช ื ืขื ืข ืงืจื”, ื•ืžื™ืฆื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื. ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื- ืžื™ืฆื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืœื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช, ืฉื–ื™ืคื™ื, ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื, ืื‘ื˜ื™ื—.

ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื A, B, ABโ€“ ืžื™ืฅ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื—ืกื”+ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ+ืกืœืจื™. (ืจืฆื•ื™ ืžื™ืจืงื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื).

ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื O, ABโ€“ ืžื™ืฅ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืœืกื•ื’ Bโ€“ ืžื™ืฅ ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื.


  1. ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉืคืข ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช.

ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช- ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื O, B ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื 3-5 ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื;

ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื•ื’ AB ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื 3-6 ืคื™ืจื•ืช;

ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ A ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื 3-4 ืคื™ืจื•ืช.

ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืœื- ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœ- 1-3 ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

&nbs p; ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื:

ืืกืคืจื’ื•ืก, ืืฆื•ืช, ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื.

ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกืœื˜ ื™ืจื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ื—ืกื”, ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™, ืชืจื“ ื˜ืจื™, ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื) ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื• ื›ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืœืืจื•ื—ื”.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืกืœื˜ ืœืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ื•ื ื”, ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืคื˜ื” ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื“ืœืขืช ืงืœื•ืคื™ื, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืžืœืš ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืชื™ืจืก (A ื‘ืœื‘ื“), ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” (O, A), ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ. ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืคืจื•ืกืช ืœื—ื ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ (ืœื›ื•ืœื), ืœื—ื ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื” (ืœื›ื•ืœื), ืื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ (ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื O, A)

โ€“ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืจื•ื—ื” ืงืœื”, ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื” ื•โ€ฆืžืงืจืจืช.


  1. ื”ื“ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืœืงื™ืฅ:

ื“ื•ื—ืŸ (ืœื›ื•ืœื), ืืžืจื ื˜ (O, A, AB), ื’ืจื™ืกื™ื (A, B, B), ืคื•ืœื™ ืžืฉ (O, A),

ื˜ื•ืคื• ื•ืกื•ื™ื” (O ืžืคืจื™ืฉ, A, AB).

ื‘ืฉืœื• ืื•ืชื ืขื ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืืฆื•ืช ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช (ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข).

ืฉืœื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกืœื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื™ื ืงืจื™ื.


  1. ื”ืžืขื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื ืžื—ืžืžื™ื: ื–ื ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื‘ืฉ, ื”ืœ, ื—ื–ืจืช, ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ืคืœืคืœื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื, ืกื—ื•ื’, ื˜ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจืŸ.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืงืคื” ืžื—ืžื. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืงืคื”, ืื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืจืง ื›ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžืžื•ื–ื’, ื•ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.


  1. ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื›ื ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ืื• ืœืื“ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ, ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืืคื™ื™ื”- ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื—ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.


  1. โ€˜ืžืฉืงื” ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœโ€™ , ื”ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื“ื’ืœ ืœืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจืจ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•. ื”ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืงื” ืžื•ืคืง ืžื ื‘ื˜ื™ ืืœืคืœืคื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืžืŸ ืžื ื˜ื” ืฉืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื, ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืกืคื™ื’ืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื.

ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื, ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื˜ืจื•ืœ ืจืขืœื ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ.

ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื›ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื—ื•ื ืงืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื™ื“ ืชื ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืืคื™ื•ืช, ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื—ื•ื.

ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื˜ืจื•ืœ ื”ืจืขืœื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื–ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื–ื™ืขื” ืจื™ื—ื ื™ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืœื–ื™ืขื” ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช.

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ: ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื‘ืžืงืจืจ. ื›ืคื™ืช ืžืฉืงื” ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ื โ€“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืื• 2 ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืžื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื.



*ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื


ืœืฉืืœื•ืช, ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ื ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื’ืชื™-ื™ื•ืกืฃ, dvory@013.net


ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื’ืชื™- ื™ื•ืกืฃ

ื ื˜ื•ืจื•ืคืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื ื—ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ืคืฉ, ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื•ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื.


ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช.

ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ 7 ื”ื ื˜ื•ืจื•ืคืชื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ "ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื" ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื™ื‘ (2004 ื•ืื™ืœืš).

ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื ื˜ื•ืจื•ืคืชื™ื”: ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืจืคื•ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ืคืฉ, ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื ื‘โ€™ืงืžืคื•ืก ื‘ืจื•ืฉื™ืโ€™ (ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืช"ื) ื•ื‘ืžื›ืœืœืช ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ื˜.

ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœืš" ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื•ื“ืŸ.

ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ โ€˜ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ืโ€™.

ืžื ื—ืช ืกื“ื ืื•ืช "ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœืš" ; ืกื“ื ืื•ืช "ื”ืจื–ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช" ืœื ืฉื™ื; ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืขืกืงื™ืช ืขื NSP

ื‘ืขืœืช ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื” ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ

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